From Stumbles to Strides: The Rise and Fall of Canine Paralysis

When our pets become paralyzed, it can be a heart-wrenching experience for even the most stoic of pet parents! One of the causes of such paralysis can be a compressive lesion in the spinal cord from an intervertebral disc herniation. Understanding the journey from paralysis to recovery is crucial for providing our canine and feline companions the best care. (Yes, cats can have disc herniations too!!)

Understanding Compressive Lesions

A compressive lesion in animals refers to any condition that puts pressure on the spinal cord. This pressure can be due to a herniated disc, a tumor, or even a severe injury such as a spinal fracture. By far, the herniated discs are the most common! When the spinal cord is compressed, it disrupts the normal transmission of signals from the brain to the rest of the body, leading to weakness or paralysis.

Progression of Clinical Signs in Paralyzed Dogs

In the early stages of a compressive lesion, dogs might show signs of discomfort or pain, reluctance to move, or a noticeable change in gait. As the condition progresses, these symptoms can escalate to partial or complete paralysis. The severity of paralysis depends on the location and extent of the spinal cord compression. EVEN WITH ONLY PAIN, STRICT REST IS VITAL TO RECOVERY! Lack of appropriate activity restriction is a top reason for disease progression. (i.e., even if they feel amazing, don’t let them run around!)

 First Clinical Signs:

Pain and discomfort is often the first clinical sign we see. However, some dogs may have severe injuries where they go straight to the most severe clinical signs. This stage is often associated with mild compression and/or nerve root involvement (the part of the spinal cord where the nerves come off). Dogs may whine, seem agitated, or have difficulty finding a comfortable position. For many dogs, these are the only clinical signs that are seen, and they do not progress any further.

Mobility Changes may be seen alone or with pain and discomfort. If mildly affected, an unsteady gait and hesitancy to jump or climb stairs may be seen.  With more moderate compression or progression of the disease, you may see slight dragging of one or more legs, or what we call “knuckling,” where the top of the paw sits on the ground.

 Progressive Clinical signs

Worsening mobility issues represent the large spectrum of moderately affected animals. Increased difficulty in walking, possible collapse in the hind limb as they have weakness (paresis) in their legs or lose the ability to move their legs at all (paralysis). When dogs lose the ability to walk they also lose the ability to pee – we will chat about this in the future!

Severe Clinical Signs/Severe Progression:  

The most severe clinical signs, either seen from severe injury or as a condition progresses, is complete paralysis, which is the inability to move the affected limbs. While this is obviously already a severe issue, it can get worse. . . Loss of sensation (ability to feel their legs) is the worst version of spinal cord injury. It is this inability to heal that we use to guide prognosis.

Recovery Process

The recovery process in dogs with compressive lesions can vary greatly depending on the severity of the condition, the location of the lesion, and the timeliness of treatment. In general, recovery follows a reverse pattern of the progression of symptoms listed above!

Early Recovery

Regaining Sensation: The first sign of recovery is often a return of sensation in the paralyzed limbs.

 Mid Recovery

Partial Mobility: Dogs might start to show movement in previously paralyzed limbs, initially uncoordinated, and sometimes movements are very small. This can range from “small flexion movements” and progress to where they are just barely able to walk.  

 Advanced Recovery

Improved ability to walk and coordination characterized by continued limb movement and strength improvement.

 Factors Affecting Recovery

Physical Therapy: Regular physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises significantly improve outcomes.

Owner Support and Care: The dedication and care provided by the dog's owner play a vital role in recovery. You, the pet parent, are the MOST IMPORTANT MEMBER OF YOUR PET’S HEALTH CARE TEAM!

Watching a pet dog go through paralysis can be challenging, but understanding the progression and recovery process can provide hope and direction. Many dogs with compressive lesions can regain significant function and enjoy a good quality of life with appropriate medical intervention, supportive care, and patience.

Remember, every dog's journey to recovery is unique. Regular consultations with your veterinarian or a veterinary neurologist are essential to tailor the treatment and recovery plan to your dog's specific needs.